by是介词，后接名词单数形式的交通工具，交通工具前面不接任何定冠词或修饰词，比如by bus, by car等等。
take是动词，后面接a+交通工具，比如take a bus, take a plane等等。
He took a long time getting to sleep that night.
他那天晚上过了好长时间才睡着。
How many days did you take off?
你休了几天假？
They won by a single goal after extra time.
他们在加时赛中仅踢进一球即获胜。
She is in the way you pass by every day.
她长在你每天经过的路上。
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