英语中,已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作,为什么还有过去完成时呢?
要记住:过去完成时的关键概念是:假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件,一件是A事件,另一件是B事件,如果A、B两个事件几乎是同时发生的,那就用一般过去时;但是,如果A、B两个事件不是同时发生的,怎么办呢?那就是:哪个事件先发生,就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中,如果A事件先发生,A就用过去完成时;如果B事件先发生,B就用过去完成时;而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。
请看例句:
[例1]She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
[例2]When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
[例3]We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
[例4]Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
[例5]The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.
在上面的五个例子中,我们只要稍微分析一下,就可以发现:每个例子讲述的内容中,都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。我们将两件事抽取出来看一下,就非常明白:必定有一件事是先生的,另一件是后发生的:
[例1]……said…… had never been to (先没有去”,后说”)
[例2]……arrived……had run away. (先跑”了,后到”)
[例3]…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先希望”,后才发生没去”)
[例4]……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先离开”,后到达”和失望”)
[例5]……were writing……went ……had left (先离开”,后到”和写”)